About Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disease of the eye's optic nerve that impacts the lives of about 80 million people globally. Damage to the optic nerve takes place when fluid pressure builds up in the front of the eye (the anterior chamber). Excess fluid, called the aqueous humor, increases the eye's intraocular pressure which in turn damages the optic nerve. This damage leads to partial yet gradual loss of the visual field, usually starting from the periphery but eventually leading to the loss of central vision and blindness.
Current treatment modalities aim to control intraocular pressure by either reducing the aqueous humor production or increasing its drainage/absorption. These include drops, laser surgery, MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Shunts), incisional surgery, such as trabeculectomy, and glaucoma shunts. All current treatment options have failed to provide a reliable long-term solution for severe and refractory glaucoma patients.
Tissue Patches in Glaucoma Surgery
Tissue patches are commonly used in glaucoma surgery to cover glaucoma shunts, which are devices implanted to help drain excess fluid from the eye and reduce intraocular pressure. These patches, often made from donor tissues like cornea, sclera, or pericardium, serve as a protective barrier over the shunt. They help prevent erosion of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the eye, and reduce the risk of exposure or extrusion of the shunt. By providing structural support, tissue patches contribute to the long-term success of the shunt and help maintain stable intraocular pressure, which is crucial for preserving vision in glaucoma patients.
However, the use of tissue patches to cover glaucoma shunts can lead to complications. One significant concern is the risk of infection, as the introduction of foreign material can potentially lead to microbial contamination. Additionally, there is a possibility of patch rejection or degradation over time, which can compromise the integrity of the shunt.